Charlemagne had been, by the faulty translation, which made no distinction between supreme worship (λατρεία) and secondary veneration. Indeed, this synod attributes to and condemns in the Nicene council a doctrine which it had expressly, and in set terms, rejected. (The principal ancient authority on the Iconoclasts is Theophanes (d. 818). His “Chronographia” is published among the Byzantine historians (Bonn, 1839). Later authors—e.g. Cedrenus (sec. xi.), Zonaras (sec. xii.), Constantine Manasses